The basic concept of management

The basic concept of management

Definition of Management (Definition of Management)

Management word comes from Old French mnagement, which means the art to implement and manage. According to Mary Parker Follett, management as the art work done through others. This definition means that a manager responsible for managing and directing others to achieve organizational goals.

Definition of management according to the experts:

1. According to Drs. Oey Liang Lee interpret management is a science in planning, organization, preparation, direction and control of humans to determine the achievement of the objectives that have been set.

2. Definition of management according to James A.F. Stoner is the process of planning, organizing and use of resources of other organizations so that organizational goals can be achieved in accordance with established.

3. Definition of management according to R. Terry is a typical process comprises the actions of planning, organizing, and controlling done in determining and achieving the targets set through the utilization of human resources and others.

4. Definition of management according to Lawrence A. Appley is an art to achieve certain goals through the work done by others

5. Definition of management according to Horold Koont and Cyril O'Donnell is an attempt to achieve the goal through the activities of others.

6. Definition of management according to the stoner is a process in planning, ppengorganisasian, controlling and leading all kinds of business than the members of the organization and use all the resources of the organization in achieving its goals.

7. Definition of management according to Wilson Waking up is a series of activities undertaken by the members of the organization so that the goal can be achieved with a series of regular and well-organized.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

1. Management as a science

Luther Gullich proposed by management is a field guidance that seeks to understand why and how people work together to achieve a goal.

Management as science itself has been studied for a long time and has been in the organizing into a theory. This is because in it describes the symptoms management, these symptoms then examined using scientific methods that are formulated in the form of the principles embodied in the form of a theory.

Management functions as a science to explain phenomena that can give direction to managers on what he should do.

2.Manajemen As Art

Proposed by Henry M Boettinger management is the art of taking a decision means that management is the ability, skills, or the skills to apply the principles and techniques in utilizing resources efficiently to realize the goal.

Medium management as an art, here the view that in reaching a goal required collaboration with others, well how to instruct the others to cooperate. By the very nature of human activity in general is managing (set). To set here required an art, how others require the work to achieve a common goal.

Management functions as art is to achieve a real goal, to bring the results or benefits.

3.Manajemen As A Profession

Management is defined as a profession because management requires particular expertise in achieving its objectives, in modern times all kinds of activities should be was managed, in the sense of a clear and present atuuran might say that the field of management has been a profession for experts. Why is that, as in any activity of work to be done efficiently and effectively, in order to obtain masekan or large input.

Goal In Management

Every human activities are expected to achieve the desired goal, as we know the purpose of management is very important because these objectives can be:

Create an atmosphere of cooperation are active, innovative, creative, effective, fun and meaningful for employees or members.

The creation of the employee or member who actively developing the potential for him to have the spiritual power of religion, self-control, personality, intelligence, good values, and skills needed him manyarakat nation.

Fulfillment of one of the four (4) working competence of the members as well as managerial competence tertunjangnya superiors and members as managers.

The achievement of a more effective and efficient in an organization.

Terbekalinya professionals with a theory about the process and the administrative task of leadership (tertunjangnya profession as a manager or management consultant).

Teratasinya job quality problems because 80% is due to the quality management workers.

Based on these objectives can be understood that the management has paranan important in achieving the goals that have been determined from the outset.

Organization

When entrepreneurs start a business, he had to prepare the organization to be managed. The organization is a group of people who work together to achieve certain goals. Within the organization, if the goals set to be achieved effectively and efficiently, then entrepreneurs must apply management concepts. Management is a science and an art in managing the available resources effectively and efficiently to achieve the specific goals and objectives. So the organization and management have a strong relationship.

By its nature, the organization is divided into two kinds, namely formal and informal organizations. Formal organization describes the interaction of authority firmly and structural relationships within an organization. This is illustrated in the organizational structure that describes the position and job responsibilities. Informal organization describe the interactions and relationships among workers, which form a pattern that is not officially created and organized by the management.

With the concept of management, entrepreneurs create a formal organization, but entrepreneurs should also be aware that there is always an informal organization that can have positive and negative attributes. Positive values ​​will be instrumental in the achievement of organizational goals. Entrepreneurs need to manage values ​​in an informal organization that does not undermine the overall organization.

The process of evaluating the performance of an organization and taking corrective actions are required in order to achieve

organizational goals.

Within the organization that manages, entrepreneurs determine the organizational structure, the formal patterns of how people and work are grouped in an organization. This organizational structure should be able to translate the company's strategy. The existence of the organizational structure can affect behavior, motivation, performance, cooperation and relationships between groups within the organization.

Entrepreneurs as organizational leaders have a duty to create an organizational structure that can encourage employees to work hard and develop the sporty nature. Besides, it also facilitates individuals and groups to work together effectively.

Generally, there are four types of organizational structure is the organizational structure of lines, line and staff organizational structure, functional organization structure, and the organizational structure of the matrix:

The organizational structure of the line

The organizational structure of implementing powers flow directly from the top management to the management underneath. Pemimipin firms own a direct authority in supervising subordinates. The weakness of this model is the responsibility borne entirely by leaders of the company so it can get stuck in the administrative work that is so short of time to think about things and the strategic plan. The organizational structure of this type is suitable for small and medium-scale Vendor.

The organizational structure of line and staff

This organizational structure is a combination of the line organization and department staff. Department staff provide advice to the line departments. Decision-making remains in the line departments. Department staff only provide specific technical support. This organizational structure is found in many medium and large companies.

Functional organization structure

In the functional organization structure, each manager is a specialist or expert and each subordinate has several leaders. The manager has full powers to carry out functions which it is responsible.

Matrix organization structure

This organizational structure is a structural design that assigns specialists from different functional departments to work on a project led by a project manager. The project manager has otoritaas against slat involved. So slat involved have two bosses, the line managers and project mannajer. This model is widely used in the company large and multinational companies.

And all four of the organizational structure can be used according to the circumstances faced by the organization. Entrepreneurs should be able to ensure that the organizational structure is designed to encourage achieve organizational goals. In addition, with the rapid advancement of technology and the changes in an increasingly dynamic environment, the organizational structure should be more flexible to respond to such changes.

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