Management, manager, and leadership

Management, manager, and leadership

management
According to experts, the management itself is closely related to style, art and a vibrant and dynamic processes within the organization in its efforts to achieve the goals and how these goals can be achieved effectively and efficiently.

Luther Gulick provides a definition of management as a branch of science that seeks systematically to understand why and how people work together to achieve goals and make the system better cooperation is beneficial to humans (Handoko, 1999: 9).

Meanwhile, according to Stoner management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and monitoring the efforts of the members of the organization and the use of resources in the organization in order to achieve organizational goals that have been set (Ibid, 8).

Meanwhile, in the opinion of Mary Parker Fallet, management as an art (art) in completing a job through other people (Ibid, 12).

In the above definition, management focused on business to take advantage of others in achieving the goals. To achieve these objectives, the people within the organization must be clear authority, responsibility and job duties.

While understanding the management proposed by Makharita that: Management is the utilization of available resources or potentials in Achieving a given ends (Management is the utilization of the resources available or potentially in the achievement of objectives (Handayaningrat, 1993: 10).

The definition of management is more focused on business use / exploit resources available or potentially in achieving the goals. As for the sources are people, money, materials, equipment (machinery), the method, time and other infrastructure.

Manager
the manager is the one who has the experience, knowledge and skills are well recognized by the organization to be able to lead, manage, control, regulate and develop the organization in order to achieve its objectives. Or the definition of another manager is someone who can direct others and able to be responsible for the activity or the work.
the levels of manager
As in some organizations, managers are often grouped into several categories such as top managers or top management, manager mengah level or middle management and first line managers ataufirst-line management. Here at the bottom of this explanation:
1. manejemen first line (first line management).
The first line manager is the lowest tinggatan, often known by the operations manager. His job as directing and supervising the non-managerial pegaawai derlibat in the production process. Usually they are often called supervisors, area managers, shift managers, department managers, office manager or foreman. That is the explanation of the first-line managers.
Read also about: Definition of operational management and scope.
2. The mid-level managers (middle management).
This mid-level managers are among the first-line managers (first line management) and top managers (top management), his duties as a liaison between the two. The positions are included in this mid-level managers such as project managers, plant managers, division managers or heads of sections. That is the explanation of mid-level managers.
Read also clearly: Understanding of project management and complete example.
3. Top managers (top management).
Top managers in charge of planning the activities and strategy of the organization or company in general and directs the course of the organization or company. Is known for its top managers instilah executive officer, examples of top managers such as Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Information Officer (CIO). And that's the explanation of the top managers.

Some of the tasks of a manager
As for some of the tasks performed by a manager such as below:
• The first, of course, lead the organization.
• The second, set and control the organization.
• The third, float organization.
• The fourth, overcoming the various problems facing the organization.
• The fifth, supervise and control the organization.
• The sixth, foster trust.
• The seventh, increasing the sense of responsibility.
• The eighth, evaluate the activities of the organization.
• And ninth, explore and develop the resources of the organization or company.

Leadership
According Tead; Terry; Hoyt (in Kartono, 2003) Understanding Leadership is an art activity or influence others to cooperate based on the person's ability to lead others in achieving the desired goals of the group.
According to Young (in Kartono, 2003) Understanding Leadership is a form of domination that is based on personal abilities that could encourage or incite others to do something based on acceptance by the group, and has special expertise that is appropriate for the specific situation.
Moejiono (2002) considers that the actual leadership as a result of the influence of the direction, because the leaders may have certain qualities that distinguishes itself by its followers. The theorists voluntary (compliance induction theorist) tend to view leadership as a force or displacement effect indirectly and as a means to form a group in accordance with the wishes leader (Moejiono, 2002)

Leadership is a process of influence or give examples by kepadapengikutnya leader in the effort to achieve organizational goals. Natural way to learn leadership is "doing the work" practices such as apprenticeship in a skilled artist, craftsman, or practitioner. In this connection, the experts are expected as part of peranya provide teaching / instruction.
Most people still tend to say that the leader who effectively have the nature or certain characteristics that are very important for example, the charisma, the foresight, the power of persuasion, and intensity. And indeed, when we think about the leader of the heroic like Napoleon, Washington, Lincoln, Churchill, Sukarno, General Sudirman, and so we must recognize that the properties as it is attached to them and have them use to achieve the goals they want.